Microfungi from New Brunswick PNAS (2009-2019)
INTRODUCTION
The protected natural areas (PNA) are a group of (30) unique habitats set aside for conservation (List of Protected Areas on New Brunswick, Wikipedia.org). Collections were made in six PNAs (Jacquet R, Caledonia Gorge, Grand Lake Meadows, Nepisiguit/Popple Depot, Spednic/Canoose Flowage, Kennedy Lakes) from 2009 to 2019, usually in June, July or August.
This paper represents the first report of (non lichenized) microfungi from these special areas and records over 150 species, most of which are new records for New Brunswick.
Several collections proved interesting and are discussed below. All specimens are housed in the NB Museum. FOR COMPLETE LIST OF SPECIES SEE APPENDIX 1.
The work is dedicated to Dr. Don McAlpine (NB Museum) who was responsible for organizing the excursions to NB PNAs during the past ten years.
DISCUSSION (selected species)
The following species represent new records for Canada and indicate the diversity of habitats to be found in the PNAs.
Unknown Ascomycete (cf. Byssosphaeria sp.)
Ascomata black scattered and superficial amongst leaf trichomes , broadly subglobose (wider than high), 250×300µm, peridium textura angularis. Straight to tortuous, brown, septate, smooth hairs arising from ascomata surface. Ascomata attached loosely to leaf trichomes, sometimes on leaf surface and veins. Leaves show no sign of discolouration or disease damage. Asci broadly clavate, 135-145×24µm, bitunicate. Pseudoparaphyses not observed but could be sparse. Spores hyaline, broadly fusoid, (5)7(9) septate, large oil globules in each cell, 50-60×7-8µm, constricted at 4th septum. Specimen examined CGAC 41. NOTES: I have found this at several other sites in the Caledonia Gorge, always on the underside of leaves of Viburnum lantanoides. I was not able to find a name for this species in spite of its distinctive characters and unique habitat on live undamaged leaves. The museum collections are labelled Byssosphaeria as a place holder.
Fig 1. Asci and spores, Ascomata amongst leaf trichomes
(Photos courtesy of David Malloch)
Pseudoproboscispora caudae-suis – (Ingold) J. Campb.
Ascomata black, erumpent to superficial with short neck and large ostiole. Asci 8-spored, iodine negative (I-), uniseriate. Ascospores ellipsoidal, 2-celled, 28-35×13-16µm, hyaline with many oil globules, an appendage at each spore apex uncoils in water. Specimens examined JRAC 39, SPCAC 30 and 51 on submerged wood (aquatic). NOTES: The species seems to be abundant in eastern N Am (REF FRESHWATER ASCOS WEBSITE, FALLAH/SHEARER 2001, 2003) but I have not found it on Prince Edward Island after extensive collecting.
Fig 2. Ascospore
Loramyces juncicola – W. Weston
Ascomata black superficial, somewhat collabent when dry. Asci uniseriate to loosely biseriate. Ascospores 2-celled, hyaline, 15-20×3-4µm, with a very long basal appendage (up to 50µm long). Specimens examined SPCAC 24 and AC 608 (on Juncus or Scirpus sp both from NB). NOTES: The species was originally thought to be a pyrenomycete but Digby and Goos study showed it to be a discomycete. Mycoportal reports 14 collections from US and Europe. This is the first report from Canada. I have not found this species on Prince Edward Island.
Fig 3. Asci and ascospores
Anthostoma (Fuckelia) amoenum (Nitschke) Sacc.
Ascomata black, immersed in small groups at the end of small branches on live Fagus sp trees (F. grandifolia native to N Am and F. sylvatica native to Europe). Ostioles erumpent through loose white stromatic tissue. Asci 4-7 spored 130-150×11-13µm, blue (I+) in Lugols solution. Spores ellipsoid, 25-32×10-14µm with single large germ pore near median area of spore (2µm wide). Notes: Laessoe and Spooner (1994) describe two collections that differ slightly in spore and ascus morphology. The NB fungus corresponds to the original description by Nitschke in Fuckel as reproduced by Laessoe and Spooner. NOTES: This collection is the first for Canada and as only two collections are reported on Mycoportal (Ohio and Austria) the species is considered quite rare. Voglmayr et al. (2022) recently discovered the anamorph and proposed Digitodochium amoenum for this fungus. Also in this paper, the authors sequenced my Isle de Soeurs collection of Leptomassaria simplex.
Fig 4. Asci and ascospores
Patinella hyalophaea Sacc.
NOTES: This species was fully described by Baral and Carter in 2013. The collection is the first since the original description from Italy. Since 2013 there are 6 new records from Europe and none for N.Am. (Ascofrance website)
Minutisphaera japonica Kaz., Tanaka, Raja and Shearer
NOTES: A good description and illustrations can be found at adriancartermycology.ca. First report from N. Am.
Mycosphaerella (Monascostroma) bacilligera (P.Karsten) Lind.
NOTES: This fungus is only found on leaves of Scheuchzeria palustris (pod grass). Mycoportal – 17 records (4 Sweden) (10 from US) (3 Russia). This is the first report from Canada. Good description and illustrations on Ascofrance posting (Filippova March 8, 2013).
The continued exploration of these unique areas will no doubt yield many more new and interesting microfungi.
REFERENCES
Ascofrance website. www.ascofrance.com
Baral H.O. and A. Carter. 2013. Patinella hyalophaea – Rediscovered in New Brunswick, Canada. Ascomycete 5: 91-96.
Barr M.E. 1972. Preliminary studies on the Dothideales in temperate N. America. Contributions from the Michigan Herbarium Vol 9: 523-638.
Campbell J. et al. 2003. A reassessment of two freshwater ascomycetes, Ceriospora caudae-suis and Submersisphaeria aquatica. Mycologia 95: 41-53.
Digby S. and R.D. Goos, 1987. Morphology, Development and Taxonomy of Loramyces. Mycologia 76: 821-831.
Fallah P.M. and C.A. Shearer, 2001. Freshwater ascomycetes: new or noteworthy species from north temperate lakes in Michigan. Mycologia 93: 566-602.
Freshwater Ascomycetes website. Fungi.life.illinois.edu
Laessoe T. & B.M. Spooner, 1994. Rosellinia & Astrocystis (Xylariaceae): new species and generic concepts. Kew Bulletin Vol. 49: 1-70.
Mycoportal website. https//:www.mycoportal.org.
Voglmayr H. et al. 2022. About spirals and pores. Xylariaceae with remarkable germ loci. Persoonia 49: 58-98.
Wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_New_Brunswick
Appendix 1 – List of Species
| PNA | GENUS AND SPECIES |
|---|---|
| Caledonia Gorge | Heyderia abietis, Melanospora lagenaria, Hypocrea protopulvinata, Stegonosporium ovatum, Shearia acericola, Prosthecium acerophilum, Neocoleroa sp, Pezicula acericola, Amblyosporium spongiosum, Glyphium elatum, Thridaria minima, Tatraea macrospora, Neohendersonia kickxii, Camposporium pellucidum, Splanchnonema loricatum, Durandiella lenticellicola, Coronophora annexa, Hilbernia caudata, Xylaria curta, Helvella elastica, Prosthecium acerophilum, Gibbera gaultheriae, Mollisia ventosa, Hypomyces lactifluorum, Lachnellula calyciformis, Helminthosphaeria clavariarum, Trimmatostroma betulinum, Hypomyces hyalinus, Minutisphaera japonica, Gaumannomyces sp, Cryptodiaporthe corni, Herpotrichia herpotrichoides, Unknown Ascomycete (Byssosphaeria), Strossmayeria josserandii, Calcarisporium arbuscula, Krestzschmaria deusta, Seuratia millardetii, Pachyella babingtonii, Dendroclathra lignicola, Delitschia consociata, Dermataea prunastri, Scopinella sphaerophila, Melanomma pulvis-pyrius, Casaresia sphagnorum, Trematosphaeria pertusa, Dermea peckiana, Cercophora caudata, Jahnula sp, Cholorciboria aeruginosa, Annulusmagnus triseptatus, Lasiosphaeria canescens, Massarina sp, Strasseria geniculata, Hymenoscyphus epiphyllus, Propolis rhodoleuca, Caliciopsis sp, Capronia sp, Nemania serpens var hydnicola. |
| Grand Lake Meadows | Barrmaelia oxycanthae, Barrmaelia macrospora, Glonium circumserpens/stellatum, Hysteropatella prostii, Pseudovalsella thelebolae, Synnemasporella aculeans, Scirrhia aspidiorum, Rebentischia unicaudata, Clypeosphaeria mammilana, Orbilia aristate, Melittosporium propolidoides, Phaeodiaporthe appendiculata, Pezicula ocellata, Pleuroceras tenella, Hypoxylon intermedium, Agyrium rufum, Sporomegma degenerans, Corniculariella spina, Trematosphaeria hydrophila, Pseudoophiobolus mathieui, Endophragmia elliptica, Macrodiaporthe everhartii, Trematophoma sp, Cheilymenia fimicola, Dothidothia sp, Massarina sp, Neodermea acerina, Strickeria pruniformis, Sphaerodes retispora, Pseudopithomyces chartarum, Verticimonosporium ellipticum, Cryptosporella alnicola, Penicillium lineatum, Melanospora zamiae, Obeliospora minima, Dendryphion nanum, Godronia cassandrae, Hyalotrochophora lignatilis, Myxotrichum bicolor, Neta patuxentica, Neta lignicola, Lindgomyces ingoldiana, Myxocyclus polycistis, Eleutheromyces subulatus, Rhamphoria bevanii, Coniella castaneicola, Massariosphaeria megaspora, Oidiodendron ramosum, Ascitendus austriacus, Durella connivens, Seiridium abietinum, Conioscyphascus sp, Amicodisca virella, Testudina sp, Submersisphaeria aquatica, Graphostroma platystomum, Botryosphaeria sp, Pezicula minuta. |
| Jacquet River | Winterella betulae, Septoria cornicola, Cudoniella clavus, Anntenularia rhododendri, Troposporella fumosa, Endoxyla operculata, Godronia spirae, Scopinella sphaerophila, Truncatella angustata, Melanomma rhodendria, Trematosphaeria hydrela, Lasiosphaeria sp, Nodulosphaeria sp, Syspastospora parasitica, Pleospora hydrophila, Seimatosporium macrospermum, Chaetoplea amygdaloides, Sphaerulina sp, Kalmusia clivensis, Colpoma sp, Myrothecium carmichaelii, Seuratia millardetii, Trematosphaeria britzelmayriana, Leptosphaeria derasa, Botryosphaeria melanops, Cosmospora wegeliniana, Arthrinium sp, Stictis sp, Pseudoproboscispora caudae-suis, Diaporthopsis angelicae, Sydowiella fenestrans, Discostroma tostum, Periconia byssoides, Lophistoma compressum, Diatrype stigma, Vibrissea truncorum, Gnomonia sp, Mitrula lunulatospora, Mytilinidion thujarum, Winterella suffuse, Sarea resinae, Berleasmium corticola, Dermea balsamea, Scirrhia aspidiorum, Leptosphaeria stellariae, Metacoleroa dickei, Ceramothyrium linnaeae, Anthostomella anserina, Lasiosphaeria ovina, Stictis radiata, Berleasmium sp, Ceratosphaeria crinigera, Nodulosphaeria modesta, Nodulosphaeria succisae, Barrmaelia macrospora |
| Kennedy Lakes | Durandiella lenticellicola, Mollisia ventosa, Cheirospora botryospora, Dermea sp, Sydowiella fenestrans, Stigmina lautii, Endobotryella oblonga, Casaresia sphagnorum, Hypoderma rufilabrum, Glyphium elatum, Coccomyces strobi, Hysterium pulicare, Macrodiaporthe everhartii, Vibrissea truncorum, Venturia macularis, Diatrypella betulina, Torrediella setulata, Anthostoma (Fuckelia) amoenum, Cryptodiaporthe vepris, Splanchnonema loricata, Lachnellula agassizii, Ascodichaena rugosa, Diatrypella favacea, Ceratostomella rostrata, Myxocyclus polycistis, Rebentischia massalongii, Barrmaelia oxycanthae. |
| Nepisiguit/Popple Depot | Chloroscypha enterochroma, Ascotaiwania hsilio, Trichodelitschia lundquistii, Bertia moriformis, Delitschia timagamensis, Nemania serpens, Hypoxylon multiforme, Iodosphaeria foliicola, Jattea microtheca, Taphrina alni, Graddonia coracina, Annulusmagnus triseptatus, Colpoma crispum, Stomiopeltis sp, Trematophoma sp, Trichopeziza nidulus, Ophiostoma polyporicola, Camarops tubulina, Melanospora lagenaria, Pseudovalsaria ferruginea, Geopyxis carbonari, Apioclypea sp, Hypocopra brefeldii, Excipularia sp, Trichodelitschia lundqvistii, Endophragma oblonga, Phragmotrichum chailletii, Lentithecium aquaticum, Rutstroemia bulgarioides, Didymella sp, Cryptosporella femoralis, Anthostomella diderma, Glyphium elatum, Unguiculariopsis sp, Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops, Melanomma pulvis-pyrius, Metacoleroa dickiei, Winterella betulae, Dasyscypha mollisimus, Amblyosporium botrytis, Pezicula pruinose, Chaetomastia sp, Lophodermium melaleucum, Thyridaria macrostomoides, Durella sp, Pleomassaria siparia, Stictis sp, Cudoniella clavus, Pezicula sp, Antennularia arxii, Apiospora parallela, Vibrissea sp, Tryblidaria sp, Coryneum umbonatum, Lophium mytilinum, Trematosphaeria hydrela, Mollisia ventosa, Winterella aurantiaca, Mycoglaena myricae, Capronia fungicola, Odontotrema minus, Bothrodiscus Berenice, Pezicula rhododendricola, Valsa abietis, Melanomma rhodendri, Dasyscyphella cassandrae, Phomatospora luteotingens, Jahnula aquatica, Scopinella solani, Diaporthe acerina, Toxosporium camptospermum, Kriegeriella mirabilis, Melanomma disjectum, Mycocalicium subtile, Mytilinidion thujarum, Rebentischia massalongii, Clohiesia corticola, Comatospora suttonii, Stigmataea conferta, Catenuloxyphium semiovatum, Rutstroemia setulata, Taeniolella alta, Strickeria pinea, Lophiostoma macrostomum, Cirrenalia donnae, Exarmidium sp, Wettsteinina sp, Physlospora sp, Cercophora coprophila, Sporormiella vexans, Collonaemella microspora, Dictyocatenulata alba, Trichophaea gregaria, Trichosphaerella decipiens. |
| Spednic/Canoose Cove | Rebentischia massalongii, Synaptospora sp, Neocoleroa sp, Lindgomyces sp, Lasiosphaeria sp, Erysiphe aggregata, Cirrenalis donnae, Pseudotrichia mutabilis, Chapeckia nigrospora, Cercophora sp, Trematosphaeria hydrela, Loramyces juncicola, Hysterographium flexuosum, Bertia moriformis, Ophiocordyceps variabilis, Pseudoproboscispora caudae-suis, Mycosphaerella bacillifera, Pachyella babingtonii, Melanconis apocrypta, Tryblidaria sp, Melanconis chrysostroma, Scolicosporium macrosporum, Capronia epimyces, Geoglossum simile, Thelocarpon superellum, Parachnopeziza miniopsis, Cudoniella clavus, Cryptocoryneum condensatum, Apostemidium fiscellum, Dendryphiom comosum, Cryptosporella femoralis, Brunnipila calyculiformis, Melanconis ostryae, Mitrula elegans, Vibrissea truncorum, Bothrodiscus berenice, Ascitendus austriacus, Hypocrea sp, Dactylospora sp, Asteromassaria macrospora, Griphosphaerioma zelkovicola, Anthostomella sp, Godronia diervillae, Splanchnonema carpini, Gorgoniceps sp, Diatrype virescens, Acarosporium sp, Trichosphaerella decipiens, Byssosphaeria semen, Diaporthe megalospora, Seiridium abietinum, Delitschia marchalii, Pleuroceras tenella, Camarops microspora, Dictyosporium sp. |